The Legal Nature of Voluntary Carbon Credits: France, Japan and Singapore

ISDA published a paper in December 2021 that considered the legal implications of voluntary carbon credits (VCCs). Specifically, it investigated the legal treatment of VCCs and considered certain other aspects of VCC transactions, including when they might be regulated as derivatives. It also recommended steps that could be taken to further develop legal certainty in VCCs at both a global and jurisdictional level.

The legal nature of VCCs is currently a jurisdiction-specific question that must be determined by reference to national laws. The 2021 whitepaper explored the legal treatment of VCCs under English, US and German laws.

In response to continued interest in VCCs, this paper considers the legal nature of VCCs under French, Japanese and Singapore laws.

Click on the attached PDF to read the paper in full. 

Documents (1) for The Legal Nature of Voluntary Carbon Credits: France, Japan and Singapore

Key IRD Trends from BIS 2025 Survey

This paper highlights changes in over-the-counter (OTC) interest rate derivatives (IRD) markets between April 2022 and April 2025, based on data from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Triennial Central Bank Survey. The survey provides a comprehensive view of global...

RMB IRD Growth in Mainland China & Hong Kong

This report analyzes interest rate derivatives (IRD) activity in mainland China and Hong Kong, with a particular focus on renminbi (RMB)-denominated IRD. It examines market growth, structure and integration across onshore and offshore centers, and places these developments within the...